1. A profound understanding of the significance of enhancing ecological progress
Ecological progress is fundamental to the sustainable development of the Chinese nation. The Chinese nation has always respected and loved nature. The 5,000-year Chinese civilization has nurtured a rich ecological culture. The Book of Changes says, "Observe the heavens to observe changes in time; Look at the humanities, to become the world ", "wealth into heaven and earth, complementary to the appropriate heaven and earth". Lao Tzu says, "Man rules the earth, the earth rules the heavens, the heavens rule the tao, and the Tao rules nature." Mencius says, "When it is not against the law, grain is not better than food; If fine nets do not enter the pools, there will be more fish and turtles than can be eaten. Axe jin in time to enter the forest, wood can not be used." "Xunzi" said: "When plants and trees flourish, the axe jin will not enter the forest, not die, never grow. "Qi Minyao Shu" in the "favorable weather, the amount of geographical location, less effort and more success". These concepts all emphasize the unity of heaven, earth and man, and the connection between natural ecology and human civilization. They act in accordance with the laws of nature, sometimes and appropriately, expressing the important understanding of our ancestors in dealing with the relationship between man and nature.
At the same time, in ancient China, the concept of natural ecology was elevated to the state management system. Special institutions were set up to take charge of mountains, forests and forests, and formulate policies and laws. This is the yu Heng system. In the Rites of Zhou, it is recorded that "the government of the State of Yu of the mountains and the forests were ordered to keep the forest, and things were forced to do so", and "Lin Heng took charge of the prohibition of patrolling the foothills of the forest and kept it in order". During the Qin and Han dynasties, the yuheng system was divided into forest officials, lake officials, pit officials, domain officials and so on. The yuheng system lasted until the Qing Dynasty. Many Chinese dynasties had laws to protect nature and severely punished those who violated them. For example, king Wen of the Zhou dynasty promulgated the "Order for Cutting and Worship", which stipulated: "There is no need to destroy houses, fill Wells, cut trees, or move livestock. There is no pardon for the worse than the command."
When ecology prospers, civilization prospers; when ecology decays, civilization decays. Ecological environment is the foundation of human existence and development. The change of ecological environment directly affects the rise and fall of civilization. The four ancient civilizations of ancient Egypt, ancient Babylon, ancient India and ancient China all originated from areas with dense forests, abundant water and fertile fields. The Yangtze and Yellow rivers are the cradle of the Chinese nation and have nurtured the splendid Chinese civilization. The decline of ecological environment, especially the serious land desertification, led to the decline of ancient Egypt and ancient Babylon. Some regions in ancient China also had painful lessons. The ancient once brilliant Loulan civilization has been buried under thousands of acres of quicksand, where was once a land of abundant water and grass. The Hexi Corridor and the Loess Plateau have seen abundant water and abundant grass. Due to deforestation and deforestation, the ecological environment has been seriously damaged and the economic decline has been aggravated. Since the middle tang Dynasty, China's economic center has gradually shifted eastward and southward, which is largely related to the ecological environment change in western China.
On May 4, 2018, we held a conference to commemorate the 200th anniversary of Marx's birth. In particular, I stressed at the conference that to study Marx, one must study and practice Marxist ideas on the relationship between man and nature. Marx and Engels believed that "man lives by nature". Man produces, lives and develops in the interaction with nature. Man treats nature well, and nature will also bestow gifts on man. Engels in the "dialectics of nature", "wrote in Mesopotamia, Greece, Asia minor, and other residents around, in order to get the cultivated land, the destruction of the forest, but they never think of, these places today has become unproductive because of this, because they make these places lost forest, also lost moisture accumulation center and storehouse. When the Alpine Italians, on the southern slope of the mountain, had cut down and used up the fir trees so carefully preserved on the Northern Slope, they did not expect that, in so doing, they had destroyed the very foundations of the alpine husbandry of their region; They did not expect that by doing so they would dry up the spring for most of the year, and in the rainy season would flood the plain with even greater ferment.
Take history as a mirror and you will know where things stand. The reason why I have repeatedly stressed the need to attach great importance to and properly handle ecological progress is that China's environmental capacity is limited, its ecological system is fragile, and the ecological environment, which is heavily polluted, suffers heavy losses and is at high risk, has not been fundamentally reversed. Moreover, the unique geographical environment has aggravated the imbalance between regions. About 94% of China's population live in 43% of the southeast part of the "Huhuanyong Line". Plains, water networks, low hills and karst landforms are the main features, and the ecological environment is under great pressure. About 57% of the land to the northwest of the line supports about 6% of the country's population, mainly grassland, Gobi desert, oasis and snow-covered plateau, with a very fragile ecosystem. This is an important part of the basic national conditions.
Since the eighteenth congress, we put the construction of ecological civilization as a whole to promote the "five one" the overall layout and coordinate advances the strategy of "four comprehensive" an important part of the layout, carry out a series of fundamental, pioneering, a long-term work, put forward a series of new concepts, new ideas new strategy, ecological civilization concept is becoming more and more thorough popular feeling, pollution control, of frequency regulation of dense, supervision of the law, environmental quality, improve the speed of an unprecedented promote ecological environment protection of historic, transforming and global change.
I have always taken eco-environmental work very seriously. In Zhengding, Xiamen, Ningde, Fujian, Zhejiang, Shanghai and other places to work, this work as a major work to grasp. Since the 18th National Congress of the COMMUNIST Party of China, I have issued instructions and instructions on serious cases of environmental damage and on the Yangtze River Economic Belt's policy of "joint efforts to protect the environment and refrain from large-scale development." We need to investigate and deal with these cases in a serious manner, and we will not let them go until they are fully resolved, so as to ensure that clear waters and green mountains are always present and that all kinds of natural ecosystems are safe and stable.
Since the eighteenth congress, we through comprehensively deepen reform, accelerate the top design and system construction, and ecological civilization have issued "the opinion about accelerate the construction of ecological civilization", "the overall scheme of reform of ecological civilization system, has established more than 40 involves the reform plan for the construction of ecological civilization, from the overall objectives, basic concept, main principles, major tasks and system guarantee of the ecological civilization construction to conduct a comprehensive system deployment schedule. Ecological civilization construction target evaluation, natural resource assets outgoing audit, the system implementation, such as ecological environment damage responsibility main body function area system gradually perfect, below the provincial environmental protection agencies vertical management, ecological environment monitoring and supervision law enforcement surveillance data quality management, system of tradable permits, river (lake) long, banned the refuse entry accelerate the environmental control system, such as green financial reform, natural resources, the balance sheet preparation, environmental protection tax levy, ecological compensation and environmental economic policy formulation and implementation is progressing satisfactorily. Initial progress has been made in air pollution control in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region and ecological and environmental protection in the Yangtze Economic Belt. We have also enacted and revised the Environmental Protection Law, the Environmental Protection Law, the Air and Water Pollution Prevention and Control Law and the Nuclear Safety Law. The STANDING Committee of the National People's Congress, the Supreme People's Court and the Supreme People's Procuratorate have set the standards for criminalizing environmental pollution and ecological damage, and increased the severity of punishment, thus creating a high-pressure situation.
In particular, the central government's system of environmental protection inspectors has been well established and used. It has the courage to act with integrity, not fear offending people, and never relent in addressing problems. This has become a strong and effective measure to encourage local Party committees, governments and relevant departments to fulfill their responsibilities for ecological and environmental protection.
We have worked hard to promote green development and achieved notable results. The geographical distribution of China's territory has been optimized, and the red lines for ecological protection have been drawn in 15 provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities, including the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region, the Yangtze River Economic Belt and Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region. Supply-side structural reform has been deepened, the industrial structure has been continuously optimized, a large number of high-polluting enterprises have been discharged in an orderly manner, and unprecedented efforts have been made to curb "disorderly and polluting" enterprises in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region and its surrounding areas. Positive changes have taken place in the energy consumption structure, and China has become the world's largest country in the utilization of new and renewable energy. Overall resource conservation was effectively promoted, and the intensity of resource consumption was significantly reduced.
We have fully implemented the three action plans for air, water and soil pollution prevention and control. China is the first large developing country in the world to carry out large-scale PM2.5 pollution control, and has become the largest sewage treatment capacity in the world. In 2017, the average concentration of PM10 in 338 cities at and above the prefectural level dropped 22.7 percent, and the beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region dropped 39.6 percent. The average PM2.5 concentration in Beijing dropped from 89.5 micrograms to 58 micrograms per cubic meter in 2017. The state-controlled section Ⅰ - surface water Ⅲ class water increased to 67.9%, worse Ⅴ water ratio fell to 8.3%. The forest coverage rate increased from 16.6 percent at the beginning of this century to about 22 percent.
China was the first country to issue the National Plan for the Implementation of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, to implement the National Climate Change Plan (2014-2020), and to deposit with the United Nations the instruments of ratification of the Paris Agreement. China's phasing out of ozone-depleting substances accounts for more than 50% of the total of developing countries, making it the country that has made the largest contribution to global ozone layer protection. In 2017, together with the United Nations environment program and other international agencies, the One Belt And One Road international alliance for green development was launched.
Through unremitting efforts, China's ecological environment quality continued to improve. At the same time, we must be sorely aware that China's ecological progress faces many challenges, enormous pressures, and acute problems. There are still many difficulties to be overcome, and many deep-rooted problems to be addressed. The situation remains grave.
On the whole, China's ecological and environmental quality continues to improve, showing a steady trend for the better, but the results are not stable, and any slackening may lead to repeated, like a boat against the current, not to advance is to fall back. The construction of ecological civilization is in a critical period when the pressure is mounting and the burden is being borne. It has entered a critical period to provide more high-quality ecological products to meet the growing needs of the people for a beautiful ecological environment. It has also entered a window period when we have the conditions and ability to solve prominent problems in the ecological environment. China's economy has shifted from a stage of rapid growth to a stage of high-quality development, and we need to cross some regular and irregular milestones. This is the process of a phoenix rising from the ashes. If we don't hurry now, it will be more difficult, more costly and more consequential in the future. We must grit our teeth and climb over this slope and over this barrier.
To complete the building of a moderately prosperous society in all respects by 2020 is a solemn commitment made by our Party to the people. We cannot declare the building of a moderately prosperous society in all respects while the ecological and environmental quality remains poor. This will not be recognized by the people, nor will it stand the test of history. No matter how difficult it may be, we must not hesitate or shrink back. We must fight the battle against pollution with determination, with the courage to fight to the last ditch, and with determination to attack cities and villages. Party committees and governments at all levels should conscientiously coordinate economic and social development with ecological progress, uphold the leadership of Party committees, the leadership of the government, the main role of enterprises, and public participation, and resolutely abandon the old approach of "pollution first, treatment later" and the growth model that harms or even destroys the ecological environment. We should give full play to the party's leadership and the political advantage of China's socialist system that enables it to concentrate resources to accomplish large tasks, make full use of the solid material foundation accumulated over the past 40 years of reform and opening up, and step up efforts to promote ecological progress and solve ecological and environmental problems.
Ii. Principles that must be adhered to in strengthening ecological progress
Ecological environment is a major political and social issue concerning the mission and purpose of the Party as well as the people's livelihood. Our Party has always attached great importance to ecological and environmental protection, making resource conservation and environmental protection a basic state policy and sustainable development a national strategy. With the economic and social development and practice, our understanding of the overall layout of socialism with Chinese characteristics the deepening, from the "two civilizations" to "the trinity", "four one", and then to today's "five one", this is a major theoretical and practical innovation, more profound change has brought the development idea and way of development.
Now, as the principal contradiction in Our society has been transformed into one between the people's ever-growing needs for a better life and unbalanced and inadequate development, the people's need for a beautiful ecological environment has become an important aspect of this contradiction, and the broad masses of the people eagerly look forward to accelerating the improvement of the quality of the ecological environment. The people's aspiration for a better life is the party's goal, and it is the mission of the ruling party to solve the most immediate and realistic problems that concern the people the most. The greatest politics is the heart. We should actively respond to the people's expectations, expectations and urgent needs, vigorously promote ecological progress, provide more high-quality ecological products, and constantly meet the people's growing needs for a beautiful ecological environment.
Mankind is a community with a Shared future. Protecting the ecological environment is a common challenge and responsibility facing the whole world. A well-developed ecological civilization is a plus for socialism with Chinese characteristics; otherwise, it will become an excuse for forces with ulterior motives to attack us. Since mankind entered the era of industrial civilization, the rapid development of traditional industrialization has not only created huge material wealth, but also accelerated the acquisition of natural resources, breaking the original cycle and balance of the earth's ecological system, causing tension between man and nature. Since the 1930s, a number of environmental pollution incidents occurred in some Western countries, which caused huge losses and shocked the world and triggered people's profound reflection on the development model of capitalism. In the course of more than 200 years of human modernization, no more than 30 countries and no more than 1 billion people have achieved industrialization. In China, the largest developing country with a population of more than 1.3 billion, we will promote ecological progress and build China into a great modern socialist country that is prosperous, strong, democratic, culturally advanced, harmonious and beautiful. Its impact will be worldwide.
Since the 18th National Congress of the COMMUNIST Party of China (CPC), our Party has answered profound theoretical and practical questions on why, what kind and how to promote ecological progress, and put forward a series of new ideas, ideas and strategies. To promote ecological progress in the new era, we must adhere to the following principles.
First, we must uphold harmony between man and nature. Man and nature are a community of life. There is no substitute for the ecological environment, and it is difficult to survive without using it. "Heaven and earth are born with me, and all things are one with me." "The day does not speak but four hour line, the ground does not speak but 100 things living." When humans use nature wisely and protect it in a friendly way, its rewards are often generous. When human beings develop and plunder nature in disorder, the punishment of nature must be merciless. It is an irresistible law that man's harm to nature will eventually harm himself. "All things live in harmony with each other and grow with each other". There are many vivid examples of this. Dujiangyan, founded in the Warring States Period, has a history of more than 2,000 years. Based on the flood law of The Minjiang River and the topography characteristics of the Hung River in the Chengdu Plain, it was a large-scale ecological water conservancy project, which not only benefited the people then, but also benefited later generations.
Throughout the development process, we must adhere to save and protect the preference, and the principle of natural recovery, not only speak for not speak into, mustn't speak development not only in protection, mustn't speak not only repair, like eye protection to protect the ecological environment, ecological environment, with the consideration humans extend to other life seeks the groundwork, the long-term good more, do more practical and nature conservation, restoration ecology, do more afforestation and water, obvious as good management, let people can see mountain, see water, remember the nostalgia, let the natural ecological beauty etched in the world, also is natural with peace, harmony and beauty.
Second, clear water and green mountains are gold and silver mountains. This is an important concept of development and a major principle for promoting modernization. Clear water and green mountains are gold and silver mountains. This paper expounds the relationship between economic development and ecological environment protection, reveals that protecting ecological environment is to protect productive forces, and improving ecological environment is to develop productive forces, and points out a new way to realize the symbiosis between development and protection. Green water and green
